Downloads & Links

Downloads/Links/References

Provided below are resources from the project to use in higher education learning. Please credit this source and the authors when you use it.

Statistical Observations from Format Rights Disputes Database
Glimpse of Format Rights Disputes Database (18 out of 59 disputes discussed).
Time-line of Format Rights Disputes.
The Exploitation of Idols: A case study (Kretschmer & Singh, 61pp)

The findings of the research are discussed in an Outlaw webradio interview with Kretschmer

TV winners, OUT-LAW Radio, 02/07/2009

We look at the success of the TV formats industry - all the more amazing because the ideas at its heart enjoy little legal protection. “While certain sectors of the creative industries remain obsessed with copyright law in the digital environment, television format developers have shown that alternatives can work. Formalizing know-how, localizing brands and shaping norms in social networks provide a powerful combination of exploitation strategies.” http://www.out-law.com/page-10144

Literature References

1. Acheson, K., 2003. Globalization. In: Towse, R., ed. A Handbook of Cultural Economics. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 248-254

2. BBC, 2006. BBC Annual Review. London: BBC Worldwide.

3. Becker, H. 1982. Art Worlds. Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press.

4. Becker, H., 1974. Art as Collective Action. American Sociological Review, Vol. 39, No. 6, Pg.767-776

5. Becker, H., 1976. Art Worlds and Social Types. The American Behavioral Scientist. Vol.19, No.6, Pg.703

6. Bellamy, R. and Chabin J., 2002. Global Promotion and Marketing of Television. In: Eastman, S., Ferguson, D., Klein, R., ed. Promotion and Marketing for Broadcasting, Cable, and the Web. Oxford: Focal Press

7. Bielby, W., and Bielby, D., 1994. “All Hits Are Flukes”: Institutionalized decision making and the rhetoric of network prime time program development. The American Journal of Sociology, 99(5), Pg. 1287-1313.

8. Bjorkegren, D., 1996. The Culture Business. London: Routledge.

9. Bryman, A. 2001. Social Research Methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press

10. Casey, B., Casey, N., Calvert, B., French, L. and Lewis, J., 2002. Television Studies – The Key Concepts. London: Routledge.

11. Caves, R. 2000. Creative Industries: Contracts between Art and Commerce. London: Harvard University Press.

12. Chan-Olmsted S. and Kim Y., 2001. Perceptions of Branding among Television Station Managers: An Exploratory Analysis. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 45(1), Pg. 75-91.

13. Chan-Olmsted, S., 2002. Branding and Internet Marketing in the Age of Digital Media. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 46(4), Pg. 641-645.

14. China in the global television format business. In Moran, A. & Keane, M., Television Across Asia, ed., Oxon: RoutledgeCurson

15. Coad, 2004. Dutch Supreme Court confirms format rights decision: Castaway V Endemol. [Online] Available from http://www.swanturton.co.uk/
ebulletins/archive/JKCDutchSupremeCourtFormatRightsDecision.aspx

16. Coad, J. & Challis, B., 2004. Format Fortunes: Is there now legal recognition for the television format right? [Online] Available from http://lawzone.thelawyer.com/cgi-bin/item.cgi?id=112211&d=205&h=207&f=259

17. Colbert, F., 2000. Marketing Culture and the Arts. 2nd ed. Montreal: Presses HEC.

18. Crane, D., 1976. Reward Systems in Arts, Science and Religion. The American Behavioral Scientist. Vol.19, No.6, Pg. 719

19. Cunnigham, S. and Jacka, E., 1996. Australian Television in World Markets. In Sinclair, J., Jacka, E. and Cunnigham, S., ed. New patterns in Global Television Vision. Oxford University Press.

20. Custen, G., 1986. Hollywood History and the Production of Culture. Journal of Communication; Vol. 36; No. 2; Pg. 123

21. DCMS/BERR/BIUS, 2008. Creative Britain: New Talents for the New Economy (White Paper)

22. De Chernatony, L. and McDonald, M. 1998. Creating Powerful Brands in Consumer, Service and Industrial Markets. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.

23. Denzin, N. and Lincoln Y, 1998. Collecting and Interpreting Qualitative Materials. London: Sage Publications.

24. Desai., K., and Basuroy, S., 2005. Interactive Influence of Genre Familiarity, Star Power, and Critics' Reviews in the Cultural Goods Industry: The Case of Motion Pictures. Psychology and Marketing, 22(3), Pg. 203-223.

25. Dewey, J. 1938. Logic: The theory of inquiry. Available from http://www.erzwiss.uni-hamburg.de/sonstiges/dewey/DewLog38.pdf

26. DiMaggio, P. and Hirsch, P., 1976. Production Organizations in the Arts. The American Behavioral Scientist. Vol.19, No.6, Pg. 735

27. DiMaggio, P., 1977. Market Structure, Creative process and Popular Culture: Towards an Organizational Reinterpretation of Mass Culture Theory. Journal of Popular Culture, 11, Pg. 433-51.

28. Dowd, T., 2004. Production perspectives in the Sociology of Music. Poetics, 32, Pg. 235-246

29. Doyle, G., 2002. Corporate Strategies. In: Understanding Media Economics. London: Sage Publications, 17-37

30. Drinkwater, P. & Uncles, M. 2007. The impact of program brands on consumer evaluations of television and radio broadcaster brands. Journal of Product and Brand Management, 16(3), Pg. 178-187.

31. Eastman, S., Ferguson, D., and Klein, R., 2002. Promotion and Marketing for Broadcasting, Cable, and the Web. Oxford: Focal Press

32. Endemol. [Online] Available from http://www.swanturton.co.uk/
ebulletins/archive/JKCDutchSupremeCourtFormatRightsDec

33. Fombrun, C., 1996. Reputation – Realizing Value from the Corporate Image. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

34. Fontana, A. & Frey, J., 1999. Interviewing: The Art of Science in N. Denzin & Y. Lincoln, ed. Collecting and Interpreting Qualitative Materials. London: Sage Publications.

35. Fournier, S., 1994. A Consumer-Brand Relationship Framework for strategy Brand Management, Thesis (PhD). University of Florida.

36. Franzen., G. and Bouwman, M. 2001. The Mental World of Brands. World Advertising Research Centre: Henley on Thames.

37. FRAPA, 2004. The Global Trade in Television Formats [Online]. Available from http://www.frapa.org/news/screen_digest__und__frapa_report/index.html

38. FRAPA, 2006. Various web pages. [Online] Available from http://www.frapa.org/dispute_resolution/mediation/index.html

39. Freeman, D., 2003. Who wants to be a millionaire: The politics of television exports. London: Routledge.

40. Frith, S. & Marshall L., 2004. Music and Copyright. Edinburgh University Press.

41. Frith, S., 1988. Copyright and the Music Business. Popular Music, Vol. 7, No. 1, Pg. 57-75

42. FT, 2005. Format trade is reality for TV Broadcasting. Financial Times, April 13th, Pg 22.

43. Gowers, 2006. Gowers Review of Intellectual Property – Call for Evidence, Response of BBC. [Online] Available from http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/media/192/37/bbc_and_bbc_worldwide_ltd_142_83kb.pdf

44. Greenfield, S. & Osborn, G., 2004. Copyright Law and Power in the Music Industry. In Frith, S & Marshall L., 2004. Music and Copyright. Edinburgh University Press.

45. Griswold, W., 1981. American Character and the American Novel: An Expansion of Reflection Theory in the Sociology of Literature. The American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 86, No.4. Pg. 740-765

46. Hagstrom, W., 1976. The Production of Culture in Science. The American Behavioral Scientist. Vol.19, No.6, Pg. 753

47. Harrington, C. & Bielby, D., 2001. Constructing the Popular: Cultural Production and Consumption. In Harrington, C. & Bielby, D. 2001. Popular Culture, ed. Oxford: Blaswell Publishers

48. Harrington, C. & Bielby, D., 2005. Global Television Distribution: Implications of TV “travelling” for Viewers, Fans and Texts. The American Behavioural Scientist, Vol. 48, No.7, Pg. 902

49. Hartley, J., 2006. Television and Globalization: National and International Concerns. In: Creeber, G. ed. Tele-Visions. London: BFI Publishing.

50. Hatch, M. and Schultz, M. 2003. Bringing the corporation into corporate branding. European Journal of Marketing, 37(7/8), Pg. 1041-1064.

51. Havens, T., 2003. Exhibiting global television: On the business and cultural functions of global television fairs. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 47, Pg. 18-35

52. Heirich, M., 1976. Cultural Breakthroughs. The American Behavioral Scientist. Vol.19, No.6, Pg.685

53. Heyer, S. 1999. Re-inventing the Broadcast Network TV Paradigm. The Advertiser, April 1999.

54. Hirsch, P., 1972. Processing Fads and Fashions: An organization-set analysis of cultural industry systems. The American Journal of Sociology. Vol. 77, No. 4, Pg 639-659

55. Hirschman, E., 1989. Role-Based Models of Advertising Creation and Production. Journal of Advertising; Vol. 18, No. 4; Pg 42

56. Hoskins, C. and McFadyen, S. 1990/ 1991. International Marketing Strategies for a Cultural Service. International Marketing Review, 8(2), Pg. 40-52.

57. Hoskins, C., and Mirus, R., 1988. Reasons for the US dominance of the International Trade in Television Programmes. Media Culture Society; 10, Pg. 499-515.

58. Hoskins, C., Macfadyen, S. & Finn, A. 2004. Media Economics: Applying Economics to New and Traditional Media. London: Sage Publications.

59. Hoskins, C., McFadyen, S., and Finn, A., 1994. The Environment in which Cultural Industries Operate and Some Implications. Canadian Journal of Communication, 19(3). Available from: http://www.cjc-online.ca/viewarticle.php?id=247

60. Hoskins, C., Mirus, R., and Roseboom, W. 1989. U.S. Television Programs in the International Market: Unfair Pricing? Journal of Communication, 39(2), Pg. 55-76.

61. Hughes, P. 1992. Brand News. Social Alternatives, 11 (1), Pg. 41.

62. Johnson, R. B. & Onwuegbuzie, A., 2004. Mixed Methods Research: A Research Paradigm Whose Time Has Come. Educational Researcher, Vol. 33, No. 7, pp14-26

63. Kadushin, C., 1976. Networks and Circles in the Production of Culture. The American Behavioral Scientist. Vol.19, No.6, Pg.769

64. Kapferer, J. 2000. Strategic Brand Management. London: Kogan Page.

65. Keane, M., 2004. A revolution for television and a great leap forward for innovation? China in the global television format business. In Moran, A. & Keane, M., Television Across Asia, ed., Oxon: RoutledgeCurson

66. Klement, U., 2007. “Protecting Television Show Formats under Copyright Law – New developments in Common Law and Civil Law countries”, European Intellectual Property Review 52

67. Klien, R. and Masiclat, S., 2002. Internet Marketing and Promotion. In: Eastman, S., Ferguson, D., Klein, R., ed. Promotion and Marketing for Broadcasting, Cable, and the Web. Oxford: Focal Press

68. Kloppenberg, J.T., 1996. Pragmatism: An Old Name for Some New Ways of Thinking? The Journal of American History, Vol. 83, No. 1, (Jun., 1996), Pg. 100-138

69. Knox, S., 2004. Positioning and Branding your organization. Journal of Product and Brand Management, 13(2), Pg. 105-115.

70. Kotler, P. 2003. Marketing Management. Harlow, UK: Pearson Education.

71. Küng, L. 2008. Strategic Management in the Media: Theory to Practice. London: Sage Publications.

72. Landes, W.M., 2003. Copyright. In: Towse, R., ed. A Handbook of Cultural Economics. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 132-142

73. Leonardi, D., 2004. Self-regulation and the broadcast media: Availability of mechanisms for self-regulation in the broadcasting sector in countries of the EU. [Online] Available from http://selfregulation.info/iapcoda/0405-broadcast-report-dl.htm

74. Lessig, L. 2004. Free Culture: How Big Media uses Technology and the Law to Lock Down Culture and Control Creativity. New York: The Penguin Press. Also available online from http://www.free-culture.cc/freeculture.pdf

75. Logan, L., 2009. “The emperor’s new clothes? The way forward: TV format protection under unfair competition law in the United States, United Kingdom and France (2 parts)”, Entertainment Law Review 37, 87

76. Lyle, D., 2006. A message from David Lyle, Chairman, FRAPA. [Online] Available from http://www.frapa.org/news/message_from_david_lyle/index.html

77. Maule, C., 2003. Television. In: Towse, R., ed. A Handbook of Cultural Economics. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 465-469

78. McDonald, M., de Chernatony, L., and Harris., F., 2001. Corporate marketing and service brands – moving beyond the fast-moving consumer goods model. European Journal of Marketing, 53(3/4), Pg. 335-352

79. McInerney, P. & Rose, D., 1999. “Television formats and copyright protection”. Times Law

80. Meech, P., 1999. Watch this space: the on-air marketing communications of UK television. International Journal of Advertising, 18(3).

81. Meech, P., 2001. Corporate Trails: Relationship building and the BBC. Journal of Communication Management, 6(2), Pg. 188.

82. Metro, 2006. Ugly Betty makes UK Debut. [Online] Available from http://www.metro.co.uk/fame/article.html?in_article_id=31554&in_page_id=7

83. Moran, A & Keane, M., 2004. Television across Asia. Oxon: RoutledgeCurson

84. Moran, A. and Malbon, J., 2006. Understanding the Global TV Format. Bristol: Intellect Books

85. Mutel, G., 2004. Venturing down new avenues. Broadcast, April 23.

86. Negus, K. 1997. The Production of Culture. In du Gay, P. 1997, ed. Production of Culture/ Cultures of Production. London: Sage Publications.

87. Negus, K., 1999. Music Genres and Corporate Cultures. London: Routledge

88. Nilson, T., 1998. Competitive Branding. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.

89. Peirce, C.S., 1878. How to make our ideas clear. Available from http://www.iep.utm.edu/p/PeircePr.htm#H1

90. Penaloza, L. 2001. Consuming the American West. The Journal of Consumer Research, 28(3), Pg. 369-398.

91. Peterson, R. & Anand, N., 2004. The Production of Culture Perspective. Annual Review of Sociology, 30, Pg. 311-334

92. Peterson, R. 1976. The Production of Culture – A Prolegomenon. The American Behavioral Scientist. Vol.19, No.6, Pg. 669

93. Peterson, R. and Berger, D., 1975. Cycles in Symbol Production: The case of popular music. American Sociological Review. Vol. 40, No. 2, Pg.158-173.

94. Peterson, R., 1982. Five Constraints on the Production of Culture: Law, Technology, Market, Organizational Structure and Occupational Careers. Journal of Popular Culture, Vol. 16, No. 2, Pg. 143-153

95. Picard, R. 2002. Centrality of Media Firms. In: Picard, R. ed. Media Firms: Structures, Operations and Performance. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., 1-8

96. Picard, R. 2003. Media Economics. In: Towse, R., ed. A Handbook of Cultural Economics. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 301-305

97. Porter, M.E., 1985. Competitive Advantage. New York: The Free-Macmillan

98. Preece, R. 1994. Starting Research: An introduction to Academic Research and Dissertation Writing. London: Cassel

99. Ray. M, and Jacka, E., 1996. Indian Television: An emerging regional force. In Sinclair, J., Jacka, E. and Cunnigham, S., ed. New patterns in Global Television Vision. Oxford University Press.

100. Riezebos, R., 2003. Brand Management. Harlow, UK: Pearson Education.

101. Sanders, C., 1982. Structural and Interactional Features of Popular Culture Production: An Introduction to the Production of Culture Perspective. Journal of Popular Culture, Vol. 16, No. 2, Pg. 66-74

102. Saunders, M., Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A. 2003. Research Methods for Business Students. 3rd ed. London: Prentice Hall.

103. Schulze, G., 2003. International Trade. In: Towse, R., ed. A Handbook of Cultural Economics. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 269-275

104. Sinclair, J., and Cunnigham, S., 2000. Go with the flow: Diasporas and the media. Television and New Media, 1, Pg. 11-31

105. Sinclair, J., Jacka, E. and Cunnigham, S., 1996. New Patterns in Global Television Peripheral Vision. Oxford University Press.

106. Singh, S., 2004. Building Television Brands in the digital multi-channel world: MA Dissertation. Poole: Bournemouth University, UK.

107. Singh, S., 2008. ‘Marketing Strategies for Television Formats Protection’ In: Television without Borders – Trans-national and Translational Exchanges. 27th-29th June. University of Reading (conference proceedings).

108. Steemers, J. 2004. Process and Product – the Global Trade in Television Programmes. In: Selling Television: British Television in the Global Marketplace. London: BFI Publishing, 22-48

109. Steffensen, Torben. 2000. “Rights to TV Formats – from a Copyright and Marketing Law

110. Thomas A. & Kumar K., 2004. Copied from without and cloned from within: India in the global television format business. In Moran, A. & Keane, M., ed., Television Across Asia, Oxon: RoutledgeCurson

111. Thomas, A. 2006. Cultural Economics of TV programme cloning: or why India has produced multi-“millionaires”. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 1(1), Pg. 35-47.

112. Throsby, D., 2003. Cultural Capital. In: Towse, R., ed. A Handbook of Cultural Economics. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 166-169

113. Todreas, T.M. 1999. Value Creation and branding in television’s digital age. London: Qourom Books.

114. Towse, R. 2003. Cultural Industries. In: Towse, R., ed. A Handbook of Cultural Economics. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 170-176

115. Towse, R. 2004. Copyright and Economics. In Frith, S & Marshall L., 2004. Music and Copyright. Edinburgh University Press.

116. Towse, R. Handke, C., Stepan, P. 2008. The Economics of Copyright Law: A stocktake of the Literature. Review of Economic Research on Copyright Issues. Vol 5(1), Pg. 1-22

117. Tuchman, G., 1978. Making News: A study in the Construction of Reality. New York: Free Press.

118. Useem, M., 1976. Government Patronage in Science and Art in America. The American Behavioral Scientist. Vol.19, No.6, Pg. 785

119. Vogel, H. 2007. Entertainment Industry Economics. 7th edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

120. Waisbord, S., 2004. McTV – Understanding the Global Popularity of Television Formats. Television and New Media, 5(4), Pg. 359-383

121. WARC, 2005. Russia turns the TV Tide, Sells Reality TV show to USA. [Online]. World Advertising Research Centre News. Available from www.warc.com

122. Whitney, D., 2003. Defining Distinct Niches. Television Week, 22(10), 10.

123. Wildman, S., and Siwek, S., 1988. International trade in Films and Television Programs. Cambridge: Ballinger Publishing.

124. WIPO, 2006. Copyright and related rights. [Online] Available from http://www.wipo.int/copyright/en/

125. Withers, G., 2003. Broadcasting. In: Towse, R., ed. A Handbook of Cultural Economics. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 102-113

126. Wong, A., 2001. Are Intellectual Property Laws the "Weakest Link" in Protecting Television Formats? [Online] Available from http://www.twobirds.com/english/publications/articles/weakest_link.cfm

 


Please cite this resource as:
Kretschmer, M., Singh, S., and Wardle, J. (2009), The Exploitation of Television Formats, ESRC Digital Resource, Bournemouth University (http://tvformats.bournemouth.ac.uk)